![]() ![]() Intercepted SRBM conducting “low-magnitude helix maneuver.” Remote launch launcher 8km away 8km away from sensor. Intercepted SRBM with bulk chemical warhead Intercepted short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) with submunition warhead 13 Dateįirst flight test of missile no seeker or target ![]() 12 The Army scheduled further production of 100 missiles in 2002, and in 2003, employed the first PAC-3 units in combat during Operation Iraqi Freedom. It achieved an initial operating capability in 2001, and was declared combat ready in August 2002. Army and entered low rate initial production. 11 From March to June 2000, PAC-3 Configuration 3 underwent a Limited User Test (LUT) with the U.S. The PAC-3 missile began flight testing in 1997. The first two phases, Configuration 1 and 2, involved upgrades to Patriot’s radar and software, and entered service in 19 respectively. 10 This was to be deployed in the third phase of the PAC-3 development, termed PAC-3 Configuration 3. Army had established a PAC-3 Project Office in 1991, and on May 19, 1994, the Defense Acquisition Board selected ERINT for development as the PAC-3. 9 This became the basis for the PAC-3 interceptor. 8Ī follow-on missile named Extended Range Intercept Technology (ERINT) completed final design review in December 1989 and underwent flight tests from 1992 to 1994. 7 The Army began concept development for a hit-to-kill weapon in 1983 and from 1984, and in May 21, 1987, flight tested the Flexible Lightweight Agile Guided Experiment (FLAGE), intercepting a Lance ballistic missile. This weapon would later be known as the Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3). The most significant Patriot enhancement, however, involved the development of a new interceptor with hit-to-kill technology, which would defeat targets by striking them directly. 6 Successive upgrades to the system’s Patriot Advanced Capability-2 (PAC-2) missiles and radar achieved further improvements in performance. 5 This reportedly quintupled the system’s defended area from 10-20 square kilometers to roughly 50-100 square kilometers. 4 In 1993, the Army upgraded Patriot to a support remote launch capability, allowing launchers to be deployed up to 10km from the radar. ![]() 3įollowing the PAC-1 deployment, the Army embarked on a second upgrade program, PAC-2, which involved modifications to the missile fuze, warhead, and guidance to engage more capable ballistic missiles like the Soviet OTR-23. After a successful interception of a Lance missile in September 1986, PAC-1 was deployed in July 1988. In 1986, the Army upgraded Patriot to the Patriot Advanced Capability-1 (PAC-1) standard, which featured software changes that would allow it to engage tactical ballistic missiles. As Patriot entered high-rate production through 1985, the Department of Defense began efforts to add a ballistic missile defense capability to the system. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the Army fielded a number of significant upgrades to the Patriot system. The Army activated its first Patriot missile battalion in May 1982. Patriot entered full-rate production in in September 1980. The revised SAM-D entered engineering development in February 1976 and on May 21, 1976, was renamed PATRIOT (Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept On Target). On January 10, 1974, the Department of Defense reoriented the SAM-D program to support a Track-Via-Missile (TVM) guidance system and a simplified concept of operations. SAM-D’s first flight test took place in November 1969. In October 1964, the Army renamed the program to Surface-to-Air Missile, Development (SAM-D) and in 1967, selected a prime contractor for the effort. In its initial form, AADS-70s was to be a mobile air defense system to replace static HAWK and Nike Hercules emplacements. Army Missile Command first developed the Patriot concept in 1961 as the Army Air Defense System for the 1970s (AADS-70s). A typical Patriot battery includes a radar set, engagement control station, power generation and other support vehicles, and several launch stations. ![]() While initially designed as an antiaircraft system, newer variants of Patriot are capable of engaging ballistic and cruise missiles, loitering munitions, and aircraft. Army’s primary air and missile defense system. ![]()
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